Stem cells are a group of cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types. They can replicate themselves and, under certain conditions, differentiate into various tissue-specific cells to form tissues and organs. Their key characteristics, self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation, make them highly valuable in regenerative medicine and disease treatment.

Stem cell research, spanning from basic science to clinical applications, focuses on understanding stem cell biology, differentiation mechanisms, and therapeutic potential. Research priorities include stem cell classification and function, differentiation and regeneration processes, applications of stem cell technology, and their role in disease modeling and drug screening.