Cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cell proliferation and spread. It originates from genetic mutations in normal cells, which cause the cells to lose control over their growth and division, leading to tumor formation and potential spread to other parts of the body. Cancer is not only a genetic disease but also involves complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment, as well as adaptive evolution driven by natural selection.

Cancer research spans a broad spectrum from basic science to clinical applications, aiming to deepen the understanding of cancer mechanisms, early diagnosis, treatment strategies, and preventive measures. Key research areas include tumorigenesis, the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells, mechanisms of cell death, metabolic reprogramming, tumor evolution and heterogeneity, and metastasis mechanisms. Additionally, cancer research encompasses epidemiology, genetic and environmental factors, the discovery of molecular markers, the development of novel therapies, and patient care and rehabilitation.