Cell biology is a discipline that studies the structure, function, and mechanisms of cellular activities, and is one of the core fields of modern life sciences. As the basic units of life, cells are studied at multiple levels, ranging from the molecular level to cell populations, with the aim of uncovering how cells maintain vital activities, adapt to environmental changes, and contribute to pathological mechanisms in diseases.

The scope of cell biology research is extensive and includes the functions of organelles, cell signaling, cell division, cell death, cell differentiation, cell communication, and interactions between cells and their environment. With technological advancements, cell biology has increasingly integrated disciplines such as molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics, forming a multidisciplinary research framework. Research priorities extend beyond fundamental scientific questions to include applied studies related to medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.